Voice

Voice
Definite: Voice is the form of the verb which indicates whether the subject does the work or something has been done to it.
ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছেন, না কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।

অথবা

Voice হলো verb এর গঠন যার দ্বারা subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার ওপর এসে পড়ে।

Types of voice:
There are two types of voice:
Active voice.
Passive voice.

Active voice:
যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।

Structure:
Subject + verb + object.
Example: I do the work.

Passive voice:
যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়।

Structure:
Object + be verb + verb এর past participle+ by+ subject.
Example: The work is done by me.

Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:
a)    Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b)    Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c)    মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Rule 2:
Indefinite tense:
a)    Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b)    Past indefinite – was, were.
c)    Future indefinite – shall be, will be.
Continuous tense:
a)    Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.
b)    Past Continuous – was being, were being
c)    Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.
Perfect tense:
a)    Present Perfect – has been, have been.
b)    Past Perfect- had been.
c)    Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.   

Rule 3:
a)    Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

b)    Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

c)    Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

d)    Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object
Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.

e)    Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f)    Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us. >g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.

h)    Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

i)    Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Rule 4:
May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.
Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: we ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

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